| Meaning |
Sense 1: affectus-corpus:
affectio
corporis humanis, a
corporeal emotion or affection of the human body. Sense 2: affectus-mens: mental emotion: the idea of an affectus-corpus in the mind. {2p12} claims that the mind never fails to have an idea of an affection of the body - though that idea can be inadequate. An affectus-mens is a new idea, a state change of the mind occuring when the mind perceives an affectus-corpus. That idea, like every modus, is an affectio, NOT directly caused by an external thing (res externa) but indirectly, by the impact (affectio) on the human body caused by the external thing. This complicated process of impact absorption is called imagining. This process, if not accompanied by understanding, will lead to an imagined idea that is not, in the mind, ordered and concatenated isomorphic to the order (in God = natura-sense 2 = substance) of the body-affection that the mind perceived. Such an idea idea is inadequate (though may, by a stroke of luck, be true). |
| Subsets (kinds) | All kinds of emotions from {3de1} to {3de48} (but note that {3de04 admiratio} in its explanation is denied the status of an emotion. |
| Related concepts | pp1d05 afficere, affectio is one of the defining concepts of affectus. See pp1d05 afficere, affectio for"affectio" and all tenses of "afficere" N.B. including those with verb-strings confusingly identical to the noun "affectus" as dealt with on this page, like affectus est, affectus consideratur, affectum fuit etc, |
| Occurrence | [geomap] Preoccurs from {2p17}. The special subject of Part III. |
| {2p12 objecto ideae contingit, debet percipi} ... nothing can take place in the body without being perceived by the mind ... | |
| ... Whatsoever comes to pass in the object of the idea, which constitutes the human mind, must be perceived by the human mind, or there will necessarily be an idea in the human mind of the said occurrence. That is, if the object of the idea constituting the human mind be a body, nothing can take place in that body without being perceived by the mind. | ... Quicquid in objecto ideae humanam mentem constituentis contingit, id ab humana mente debet percipi sive [mng eqv] ejus rei dabitur in mente necessario idea hoc est [mng eqv] si objectum ideae humanam mentem constituentis sit corpus, nihil in eo corpore poterit contingere quod a mente non percipiatur. |
| {3d03 affectus} ... sense 1 and also sense 2 ... | |
| ... By emotion I mean the modifications [Lat: affectiones] of the body, whereby the active power of the said body is increased or diminished, aided or constrained ... | ...Per affectum intelligo corporis affectiones quibus ipsius corporis agendi potentia augetur vel [excl non-exh] minuitur, juvatur vel [excl non-exh] coercetur ... |
| ... and also ... | ... et simul ... |
| ... the ideas of such modifications [Lat: affectiones] ... | ... harum affectionum ideas ... |
| 3p11s pati mutationes majorem minorem perfectionem ... three primary emotions ... | |
| ... By pleasure ... in the following propositions I shall signify ... By pain I shall signify ... What I mean by desire .. apart from these three I do not know any other primary emotion when other [emotions] stem from ... | ... Per laetitiam itaque in sequentibus intelligam ... Per tristitiam autem .... Quid deinde cupiditas sit ... praeter hos tres nullum alium agnosco affectum primarium nam reliquos ex his tribus oriri ... |
| {3p17 odio simul amabimus} ... affectus afficere is NOT a pleonasm since most affectiones do NOT affect human bodies hence are NOT affectus ... | |
| ...thing, which is wont to affect us painfully... | ...rem quae nos tristitiae affectu afficere solet... |
| {3dg AFFECTUUM GENERALIS DEFINITIO} ...a second definition of affectus, this time not an intelligo-definition but an est -definition ... | |
| GENERAL DEFINITION OF THE EMOTIONS. Emotion, which is called a passivity of the soul, is a confused idea, whereby the mind affirms concerning its body, or any part thereof, a force for existence (existendi vis) greater or less than before, and by the presence of which the mind is determined to think of one thing rather than another. | AFFECTUUM GENERALIS DEFINITIO. Affectus qui animi pathema dicitur, est confusa idea qua mens majorem vel minorem sui corporis vel alicujus ejus partis existendi vim quam antea affirmat et qua data ipsa mens ad hoc potius quam ad illud cogitandum determinatur. |
| {3p58 affectus dantur agimus} ...but emotions can be active ... locus in Pars III where attention is shifted from passive emotions to active emotions... | |
| ...Besides pleasure and desire, which are passivities or passions, there are other emotions derived from pleasure and desire, which are attributable to us in so far as we are active. | ...praeter laetitiam et cupiditatem quae passiones sunt, alii laetitiam et cupiditatis affectus dantur qui ad nos quatenus agimus, referuntur. |
| ....When the mind conceives itself and its power of activity, it feels pleasure...[it] necessarily contemplates itself, when it conceives a true or adequate idea ...[it] does conceive certain adequate ideas ...Therefore it feels pleasure in so far as it conceives adequate ideas; that is, in so far as it is active ....the mind, both in so far as it has clear and distinct ideas, and in so far as it has confused ideas, endeavours to persist in its own being ...by such an endeavour we mean desire ....therefore, desire is also attributable to us, in so far as we understand, or ...in so far as we are active.... | ....Cum mens se ipsam suamque agendi potentiam concipit, laetatur ... autem se ipsam necessario contemplatur quando veram sive [mng-eqv] adaequatam ideam concipit .... At ...quasdam ideas adaequatas concipit ....: ergo eatenus etiam laetatur quatenus ideas adaequatas concipit hoc est ... quatenus agit. Deinde mens tam quatenus claras et distinctas quam quatenus confusas habet ideas, in suo esse perseverare conatur :... at per conatum cupiditatem intelligimus ...; ergo cupiditas ad nos refertur etiam quatenus intelligimus sive [prf-eqv] ...quatenus agimus... |
| {3p59 affectus laetitiam vel cupiditatem} ... all emotions of the mind are forms of desire, pleasure or pain ... the emotions of the active mind refer only to the former two ... | |
| ... Among all the emotions attributable to the mind as active, there are none which cannot be referred to pleasure or desire. | ... Inter omnes affectus qui ad mentem quatenus agit referuntur, nulli alii sunt quam qui ad laetitiam vel [excl non-exh] cupiditatem referuntur. |
| ... All emotions can be referred to desire, pleasure, or pain, as their definitions, already given, show ... | ... Omnes affectus ad cupiditatem, laetitiam vel [excl non-exh] tristitiam referuntur ut eorum quas dedimus definitiones ostendunt ... |
| {4p07 Affectus per affectum contrarium} ... corporis existendi vim = agendi potentia = perfectio ... | |
| ...Emotion, in so far as it is referred to the mind, is an idea, whereby the mind affirms of its body a greater or less force of existence than before (cf. the general Definition of the Emotions at the end of Part III.)... | ...Affectus quatenus ad mentem refertur est idea qua mens majorem vel [excl non-exh] minorem sui corporis existendi vim quam antea affirmat (per generalem affectuum definitionem {3dg}) ... |
| 5p20s nullum affectum directe contrarius ... features a summary quoted here, with references, of the mind's power over the emotions, that is: a summary of what enables the mind to be active in the technical sense ... | |
|
... the mind's power over the emotions consists:-- I. In the actual knowledge of the emotions (V. iv. note). II. In the fact that it separates the emotions from the thought of an external cause, which we conceive confusedly (V. ii. and V. iv. note). III. In the fact, that, in respect to time, the emotions referred to things, which we distinctly understand, surpass those referred to what we conceive in a confused and fragmentary manner (V. vii.). IV. In the number of causes whereby those modifications [Lat: affectiones][17] are fostered, which have regard to the common properties of things or to God (V. ix. xi.). V. Lastly, in the order wherein the mind can arrange and associate, one with another, its own emotions (V. x. note and xii. xiii. xiv.) ... |
... mentis in affectus
potentiam consistere
I. in ipsa affectuum cognitione (vide scholium propositionis 4 hujus 5p04s). II. in eo quod affectus a cogitatione causae externae quam confuse imaginamur, separat (vide propositionem 2 {5p02} cum scholio propositionis 4 hujus 5p04s). III. in tempore quo affectiones quae ad res quas intelligimus referuntur, illas superant quae ad res referuntur quas confuse seu mutilate concipimus (vide propositionem 7 hujus). IV. in multitudine causarum a quibus affectiones quae ad rerum communes proprietates vel ad Deum referuntur, foventur (vide propositiones 9 {5p09} et 11 {5p11} hujus). V. denique in ordine quo mens suos affectus ordinare et invicem concatenare potest (vide scholium propositionis 10 5p10s et insuper propositiones 12 {5p12}, 13 {5p13} et 14 {5p14} hujus). |
| Equivalence claims involving affectus | ||
| {3d03} [notes] | [About the human body] 1. [corporeal BH] emotion 2. the affections of the body, whereby the active power of the said body is increased or diminished, aided or constrained | [De corpori humani] 1. affectum [affectus-corpus] 2. corporis affectiones quibus ipsius corporis agendi potentia augetur vel [excl non-exh] minuitur, juvatur vel [excl non-exh] coercetur |
| {3d03} [notes] | [About the human mind] 1.
[mental BH]
emotion 2. the ideas of the affections of the body,
whereby the active power of the said body is increased or diminished,
aided or constrained |
[De menti humani] 1. affectum [affectus-mens] 2. ideas corporis affection[um] quibus ipsius corporis agendi potentia augetur vel [excl non-exh] minuitur, juvatur vel [excl non-exh] coercetur |
| {3d03} [notes] | [About mental and corporeal emotions] 1. Action 2. An affection of ours of which we are the adequate cause. | [De affectuum-mens
et affectuum-corpus]
1.
actio 2.
|
| {3d03} [notes] | [About mental and corporeal emotions] 1. Passion 2. An affection of ours of which we are not the adequate cause. | [De affectuum-mens
et affectuum-corpus]
1.
passionem 2.
|
| {3p18} | [About the body] 1. constitution 2. emotion | [De corpori humani] 1. constitutio 2. affectus |
| {3p56} | 1. imagine 2. be affected by an emotion, which involves the nature of our own body, and the nature of an external body. | 1. imaginamur 2. afficimur affectu qui naturam nostri corporis et naturam corporis externi involvit. |
| {3de34} | 1. Thankfulness 2. Gratitude 3. the desire or zeal springing from love, whereby we endeavour to benefit him, who with similar feelings of love has conferred a benefit on us. | 1. Gratia 2. gratitudo 3. cupiditas seu [non-excl non-exh] amoris studium quo ei benefacere conamur qui in nos pari amoris affectu beneficium contulit. |
| {3de37} | 1. Revenge 2. the desire whereby we are induced, through mutual hatred, to injure one who, with similar feelings, has injured us. | 1. Vindicta 2. cupiditas qua ex reciproco odio concitamur ad malum inferendum ei qui nobis pari affectu damnum intulit. |
| {4d05} [notes] | 1. emotions conflicting in directions 2. [emotions] which draw a man in different ways, though they are of the same kind are contraries, not by nature, but by accident. | 1. contrarios affectus in sequentibus 2. [affectus] qui hominem diversum trahunt quamvis ejusdem sint generis, nec natura sed per accidens contrarii. |
| {4p08} | 1. emotion 2. idea about an affection of the body | 1. affectu 2. idea corporis affectionis |
| {4p53} | [About emotions] 1. is (not) a virtue 2. does (not) originate from reason | [De affectibus] 1. virtus non est 2. ex ratione non oritur |
| {4p53} | [About emotions] 1. [orginating] from true contemplation 2. originating [from] reason | [De affectibus] 1. ex vera contemplatione [oritur] 2. [ex] ratione oritur |
| {4p54} | [About emotions] 1. is not a virtue 2. does not originate from reason | [De affectibus] 1. virtus non est 2. ex ratione non oritur |
| {5p06} | [About the mind] 1. has greater power over the emotions 2. is less subject thereto | [De menti] 1. majorem in affectus potentiam habet 2. minus ab iisdem patitur |
| {5p07} | 1. Emotions which spring from reason 2. are aroused by reason | 1. Affectus qui ex ratione oriuntur 2. [Affectus qui ex ratione] excitantur |