| Meaning | Reason as an operation of the mind (cogitatio-operatio) |
| Mantras [what is] |
natura rationis ex ductu rationis agere |
| Related concepts | All other types of cogitatio-operatio, including will and all emotions |
| First Occurrence | [geomap] |
| NOT linked: | "Ratio": reason given for something (including 1p11 aliter causa seu
[mng-eqv.] ratio), way, manner: ratio est is the case , ratio when meaning Eng. ratio |
| {1p11 Deus sive substantia necessario existit} ... cause or reason ... the same thing ... | |
| Another proof.-Of everything whatsoever a cause or reason must be assigned, either for its existence, or for its non-existence ... | ALITER: Cujuscunque rei assignari debet causa seu [mng eqv] ratio tam cur existit quam cur non existit ... |
| 2p40s2 percipere 1 sensus mutilate 2 signis 3 notiones communes ...this scholium is later ({5p12} demonstratio) referred to as "definition of ratio"... | |
|
...we...perceive and form our general notions:....(3.) From the fact
that we have notions common to all men, and adequate ideas of the
properties of things ...
this I call reason and knowledge of the second kind... |
...nos ...percipere et notiones universales formare ... III denique ex eo quod notiones communes rerumque proprietatum ideas adaequatas habemus ...atque hunc rationem et secundi generis cognitionem vocabo... |
| {2p44c2 aeternitatis specie} ...it is in the nature (= essentia) of reason to use a special type of percipere... | |
| ...It is in the nature of reason to perceive things under a certain form of eternity... | ...De natura rationis est res sub quadam aeternitatis specie percipere. |
| 4p18s humanae impotenti et inconstanti causas ...transition from analysis of the mechanics of the passions to precepts of proper (with reason) dealing with them... | |
| ....I have explained the causes of human infirmity and inconstancy, and shown why men do not abide by the precepts of reason. It now remains for me to show what course is marked out for us by reason, which of the emotions are in harmony with the rules of human reason, and which of them are contrary thereto... | ....humanae impotentiae et inconstantiae causas et cur homines rationis praecepta non servent, explicui. Superest jam ut ostendam quid id sit quod ratio nobis praescribit et quinam affectus cum rationis humanae regulis conveniant, quinam contra iisdem contrarii sint. .. |
| {4p24 Ex virtute ductu esse conservare idem} ...ex ductu rationis agere = [mng eqv] ex virtute agere... | |
| To act ...in obedience to virtue is in us the same thing as to act, to live, or to preserve one's being (these three terms are identical in meaning) in accordance with the dictates of reason on the basis of seeking what is useful to one's self. | Ex virtute... agere nihil aliud in nobis est quam ex ductu rationis agere, vivere, suum esse conservare (haec tria idem significant) idque ex fundamento proprium utile quaerendi. |
| {4p26 ex ratione est intelligere} ...ratio is understanding... | |
| ...therefore ...whatsoever we endeavour in obedience to reason is nothing else but to understand.... | ...quicquid ex ratione conamur, nihil aliud est quam intelligere. ... |
| {4p27 scimus intelligendum conducit} ...ratiocinare means the same as having adequate ideas ... | |
| ... have adequate ideas, or (what ...is the same thing) in so far as it reasons... | ...ideas habet adaequatas sive [mng-eqv] (quod ... idem est ) quatenus ratiocinatur ... |
| {4p52 Acquiescentia ex ratione oriri potest} ... agendi potentia, virtus and ratio mean the same... | |
| ...power of action or virtue ...is reason herself... | ...hominis agendi potentia seu [mng-eqv.] virtus est [prf-eqv.] ipsa ratio |
| {4p59 passio possumus ratione} ... explaining what is agere ex ratione ... | |
| ...To act rationally, is nothing else ...but to perform those actions, which follow from the necessity, of our nature considered in itself alone... | ...Ex ratione agere nihil aliud est ...quam ea agere quae ex necessitate nostrae naturae in se sola consideratae sequuntur... |
| {4p63c bonum directe malum indirecte} ... Pleasurable emotions can be passive but those pleasurable emotions that spring from reason can not ... | |
| Proof.-Desire which springs from reason can only spring from a pleasurable emotion, wherein the mind is not passive ... | DEMONSTRATIO: Nam cupiditas quae ex ratione oritur, ex solo laetitiae affectu quae passio non est, oriri potest ... |
| 5praef POTENTIA INTELLECTUS LIBERTATE ... Ethica does not advise you how to improve your understanding. That is the task of logic. Neither are you told how to keep your body strong. That is the task of medicine ... Ethica is solely about the power of reason ... | |
| It is no part of my design to point out the method and means whereby the understanding may be perfected, nor to show the skill whereby the body may be so tended, as to be capable of the due performance of its functions. The latter question lies in the province of Medicine, the former in the province of Logic. Here, therefore, I repeat, I shall treat only of the power of the mind, or of reason; and I shall mainly show the extent and nature of its dominion over the emotions, for their control and moderation... | Quomodo autem et qua via debeat intellectus perfici et qua deinde arte corpus sit curandum ut possit suo officio recte fungi, huc non pertinet; hoc enim ad medicinam, illud autem ad logicam spectat. Hic igitur ut dixi de sola mentis seu rationis potentia agam et ante omnia quantum et quale imperium in affectus habeat ad eosdem coercendum et moderandum ostendam... |
| Equivalence claims involving ratiocinare, ratio | ||
| {4p24} | 1. To act absolutely in obedience to virtue 2. to act 3. to live 4. preserve one's being | 1. Ex virtute absolute agere 2. ex ductu rationis agere 3. vivere 4. suum esse conservare |
| {4p27} | 1. has adequate ideas 2. reasons | [About the mind] [De menti] 1. ideas habet adaequatas 2. ratiocinatur |
| {4p35c2} | [About people] 1. seeks what is useful to him 2. endeavours to preserve himself 3. endowed with virtue 4. endowed with power to act according to the laws of his own nature 5. live in obedience to reason. | [De hominum] 1. utile quaerit 2. se conservare conatur 3. virtute praeditus [est] 4. potentia praeditus est ad agendum ex suae naturae legibus 5. [potentia praeditus est ad] vivendum ex ductu rationis |
| {4p52} | [About people] 1. power to act 2. virtue 3. reason | [De hominum] 1. agendi potentia 2. virtus 3. ratio |
| {4p53} | [About emotions] 1. is (not) a virtue 2. does (not) originate from reason | [De affectibus] 1. virtus non est 2. ex ratione non oritur |
| {4p53} | [About emotions] 1. [orginating] from true contemplation 2. originating [from] reason | [De affectibus] 1. ex vera contemplatione [oritur] 2. [ex] ratione oritur |
| {4p54} | [About emotions] 1. is not a virtue 2. does not originate from reason | [De affectibus] 1. virtus non est 2. ex ratione non oritur |
| {4p62} | 1. under the guidance of reason 2.under the form of eternity 3. [under the form of ] necessity | [De
conceptioni] 1. ducente ratione 2. sub aeternitatis specie 3. [sub] necessitatis specie |
| {5p07} | 1. Emotions which spring from reason 2. are aroused by reason | 1. Affectus qui ex ratione oriuntur 2. [Affectus qui ex ratione] excitantur |